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In organic chemistry, a carboxylic acid is an organic acid that contains a carboxyl group (−C(=O)−OH) [1] attached to an R-group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is often written as R−COOH or R−CO 2 H, sometimes as R−C(O)OH with R referring to an organyl group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, aryl), or hydrogen, or other groups ...
Boiling point (°C) K b (°C⋅kg ... Data source; Aniline: 184.3 3.69 –5.96 –5.87 K b & K f [1] Lauric acid: 298.9 44 –3.9 Acetic acid: 1.04 ... Diethyl ether ...
A cyclic ether and high-boiling solvent (b.p. 101.1 °C). Tetrahydrofuran (THF) A cyclic ether, one of the most polar simple ethers that is used as a solvent. Anisole (methoxybenzene) An aryl ether and a major constituent of the essential oil of anise seed. Crown ethers: Cyclic polyethers that are used as phase transfer catalysts. Polyethylene ...
The direct oxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids normally proceeds via the corresponding aldehyde, which is transformed via an aldehyde hydrate (R−CH(OH) 2) by reaction with water before it can be further oxidized to the carboxylic acid. Mechanism of oxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids via aldehydes and aldehyde hydrates
Boiling points of alkanes, alkenes, ethers, halogenoalkanes, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and carboxylic acids as a function of molar mass. In general, compounds with ionic bonds have high normal boiling points, if they do not decompose before reaching such
This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.
DCC (dicyclohexylcarbodiimide) is used to activate the carboxylic acid to further reaction. 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) is used as an acyl-transfer catalyst. [16] Another method for the dehydration of mixtures of alcohols and carboxylic acids is the Mitsunobu reaction: RCO 2 H + R'OH + P(C 6 H 5) 3 + R 2 N 2 → RCO 2 R' + OP(C 6 H 5) 3 + R ...
The systematic IUPAC name is not always the preferred IUPAC name, for example, lactic acid is a common, and also the preferred, name for what systematic rules call 2-hydroxypropanoic acid. This list is ordered by the number of carbon atoms in a carboxylic acid.