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Headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fatigue may also accompany the pain. Pain may begin gradually, with the first several years of menses, and then intensified as menstruation becomes regular. Patients who also have secondary amenorrhea report symptoms beginning after age 20 and lasting 5–7 days with progressive worsening of pain over time.
Painful (i.e. associated with dysmenorrhea): Pelvic inflammatory disease; Adenomyosis - extension of the endometrial tissue into the outer muscular wall of the uterus which can cause pain and abnormal bleeds when the endometrium sheds; Pregnancy related complication (i.e. miscarriage) Short cycle (less than 21 days) but normal menses.
In particular, prostaglandins induce abdominal contractions that can cause pain and gastrointestinal symptoms. [8] [9] The use of certain types of birth control pills can prevent the symptoms of dysmenorrhea because they stop ovulation from occurring. Dysmenorrhea is associated with increased pain sensitivity and heavy menstrual bleeding. [10] [11]
Intermenstrual bleeding (IMB), or metrorrhagia, is vaginal bleeding at irregular intervals between expected menstrual periods. [1] It may be associated with bleeding with sexual intercourse . [ 2 ] The term metrorrhagia, in which metro means measure and -rrhagia means abnormal flow, [ 3 ] is no longer recommended.
Diagram illustrating how the uterus lining builds up and breaks down during the menstrual cycle Menstruation (also known as a period, among other colloquial terms) is the regular discharge of blood and mucosal tissue from the inner lining of the uterus through the vagina. The menstrual cycle is characterized by the rise and fall of hormones. Menstruation is triggered by falling progesterone ...
Treatment depends on the cause. In cases where malignancy is ruled out, hormone supplementation or the therapeutic use of hormonal contraception is usually recommended to induce bleeding on a regular schedule. Selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) are sometimes used to stop uterine bleeding. [1]
Hematometra typically presents as cyclic, cramping pain in the midline of the pelvis or lower abdomen. [1] Patients may also report urinary frequency and urinary retention . [ 2 ] Premenopausal women with hematometra often experience abnormal vaginal bleeding, including dysmenorrhea (pain during menstruation ) or amenorrhea (lack of ...
Gynecologic hemorrhage represents excessive bleeding of the female reproductive system. [1] [2] Such bleeding could be visible or external, namely bleeding from the vagina, or it could be internal into the pelvic cavity or form a hematoma.