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Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant (APCP) is a solid rocket propellant. It differs from many traditional solid rocket propellants such as black powder or zinc-sulfur , not only in chemical composition and overall performance but also by being cast into shape, as opposed to powder pressing as with black powder.
Ammonium perchlorate ("AP") is an inorganic compound with the formula NH 4 ClO 4.It is a colorless or white solid that is soluble in water. It is a powerful oxidizer.Combined with a fuel, it can be used as a rocket propellant called ammonium perchlorate composite propellant.
In the 1950s it bought Eston Chemicals, Western Electrochemical, and the Lindsay Chemical Company and further diversified its product line. During the Cold war era it produced ammonium perchlorate for U.S. missile industry, particularly for Falcon, Hawk, Minuteman, Nike Zeus, Pershing, Polaris, Scout, Sergeant, Tartar missiles. [8]
Black powder rocket motors are only produced in small sizes, to reduce the risk of explosion and a loss of efficiency. Black powder rockets are produced in classes 1/8 A through F. Larger sizes of model rocket motors use ammonium perchlorate composite propellant, or other composite fuels that contain ammonium nitrate.
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Ammonium perchlorate – the most common oxidizer for modern solid rocket fuels; more sensitive to mechanical stimuli than potassium perchlorate. Uncommon in fireworks; creates hot flame, enhances barium, strontium and copper colorants by acting as a chlorine donor.
Ammonium perbromate is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula NH 4 BrO 4. It shares similar properties to ammonium perchlorate , but is substantially more difficult to isolate, and has a complex mechanism of decomposition.
The perchlorate is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis, in chromatography and as a supporting electrolyte in electrochemistry. [3] Along with trimethylammonium perchlorate, it was investigated as a component in composite propellants during the Cold War, but without much success.
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