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The Plan Espiritual de Aztlán (English: "Spiritual Plan of Aztlán") was a pro-indigenist manifesto advocating Chicano nationalism and self-determination for Mexican Americans. It was adopted by the First National Chicano Youth Liberation Conference, a March 1969 convention hosted by Rodolfo Gonzales's Crusade for Justice in Denver, Colorado. [1]
The Free UCS Outline Fonts [1] (also known as freefont) is a font collection project. The project was started by Primož Peterlin and is currently administered by Steve White. The aim of this project has been to produce a package of fonts by collecting existing free fonts and special donations, to support as many Unicode characters as possible.
He was a founding co-editor of Aztlán, a journal of Chicano studies. He began teaching at the University of California, Los Angeles in 1969 and has held his post for over forty years. He has served as the director of UCLA's Chicano Studies Research Center , as well as on the board of the Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund .
Chicano studies, also known as Chicano/a studies, Chican@ studies, or Xicano studies originates from the Chicano Movement of the late 1960s and 1970s, and is the study of the Chicano and Latino experience. [1] [2] Chicano studies draws upon a variety of fields, including history, sociology, the arts, and Chicano literature. [3]
Chicano English is sometimes mistakenly conflated with Spanglish, which is a mixing of Spanish and English; however, Chicano English is a fully formed and native dialect of English, not a "learner English" or interlanguage. It is even the native dialect of some speakers who know little to no Spanish, or have no Mexican heritage.
Chicano may derive from the Mexica people, originally pronounced Meh-Shee-Ka. [43]The etymology of the term Chicano is the subject of some debate by historians. [44] Some believe Chicano is a Spanish language derivative of an older Nahuatl word Mexitli ("Meh-shee-tlee").
Chicano literature is an aspect of Mexican-American literature that emerged from the cultural consciousness developed in the Chicano Movement. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Chicano literature formed out of the political and cultural struggle of Chicana/os to develop a political foundation and identity that rejected Anglo-American hegemony.
The Chicano movement of the 1960s was a masculine one. In many ways, women were excluded, and it even "tended to reflectively reproduce the subordination of women." [ 7 ] The Plan Espiritual de Aztlán (1969), which was the manifesto of the Chicano movement, was ripe with words like "brotherhood, brothers, mestizo , etc. Women were not included ...