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Charades (UK: / ʃ ə ˈ r ɑː d z /, US: / ʃ ə ˈ r eɪ d z /) [1] is a parlor or party word guessing game. Originally, the game was a dramatic form of literary charades : a single person would act out each syllable of a word or phrase in order, followed by the whole phrase together, while the rest of the group guessed.
For example the British zoologist Mark Ridley in his book Mendel's demon used the game as an analogy for the imperfect transmission of genetic information across multiple generations. [ 33 ] [ 34 ] In another example, Richard Dawkins used the game as a metaphor for infidelity in memetic replication, referring specifically to children trying to ...
Speech codes theory is concerned about observing communication conduct through noticing, describing, interpreting and explaining the findings. The second is that speech codes present, "a way to interpret or explain observed communicative conduct by reference to situated codes of meaning and value."
Manual communication systems use articulation of the hands (hand signs, gestures, etc.) to mediate a message between persons. Being expressed manually, they are received visually and sometimes tactually. When it is the primary form of communication, it may be enhanced by body language and facial expressions.
Common examples of these are smiling, gesturing, waving, etc. [19] According to Dr. Carola Surkamp, professor at University of Cologne, non-verbal phatic communication can be expressed with involuntary physical features such as direction of gaze, blushing, posture, etc. and that these have a vital function in regulating conversation.
A good example is the work of John J. Gumperz on language and social identity, which specifically describes paralinguistic differences between participants in intercultural interactions. [5] The film Gumperz made for BBC in 1982, Multiracial Britain: Cross talk , does a particularly good job of demonstrating cultural differences in paralanguage ...
Nonverbal influence emphasizes the persuasive power and influence of nonverbal communication. Nonverbal influence includes appeals to attraction, similarity and intimacy. [1] Nonverbal influence also speaks to social influence. Normal social influence research focuses on words or linguistic choices and scripts in order to effect a certain level ...
The communication accommodation theory has broadened this theory to include not only speech but also the "non-verbal and discursive dimensions of social interaction". [10] CAT has also created a different perspective from other research in language and social interaction—and communication more generally—that focuses on either interpersonal ...