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Hydronephrosis is caused by obstruction of urine before the renal pelvis. The obstruction causes dilation of the nephron tubules and flattening of the lining of the tubules within the kidneys which in turn causes swelling of the renal calyces. [4] Hydronephrosis can either be acute or chronic. In acute hydronephrosis, full recovery of kidney ...
It is the most common cause of hydronephrosis detected in utero and is the most common anomaly detected on prenatal ultrasounds. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It occurs in approximately 1 in every 1500 live births, is most commonly seen in males, involves the left ureter twice as often as the right ureter.
Hydronephrosis is seen as an anechoic fluid-filled interconnected space with enhancement within the renal sinus, and normally, the dilated pelvis can be differentiated from the dilated calyces. [1] Figure 13. Hydronephrosis due to ureteropelvic junction obstruction in a pediatric patient. [1] Several conditions can result in urinary obstruction.
Okamoto syndrome was first described in 1997 by Nobuhiko Okamoto et al. from the Department of Medical Genetics at Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital after observing very similar symptoms and physical features in two unrelated Japanese infants. Both infants had congenital hydronephrosis due to ureteropelvic junction stenosis, low muscle tone ...
It is the most common cause of bladder outlet obstruction in male newborns. The disorder varies in degree, with mild cases presenting late due to milder symptoms. More severe cases can have renal and respiratory failure from lung underdevelopment as result of low amniotic fluid volumes , requiring intensive care and close monitoring. [ 2 ]
A urethral stricture is a narrowing of the urethra, the tube connected to the bladder that allows urination.The narrowing reduces the flow of urine and makes it more difficult or even painful to empty the bladder.
Neurogenic bladder can cause hydronephrosis (swelling of a kidney due to a build-up of urine), recurrent urinary tract infections, and recurrent kidney stones which may compromise kidney function. [7] This is especially significant in spastic neurogenic bladder that leads to high bladder pressures.
A computed tomography (CT) scan is also not typically recommended in children. [ 65 ] Otherwise a noncontrast helical CT scan with 5 millimeters (0.2 in) sections is the diagnostic method to use to detect kidney stones and confirm the diagnosis of kidney stone disease.