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  2. Pipe network analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipe_network_analysis

    To direct water to many users, municipal water supplies often route it through a water supply network. A major part of this network will consist of interconnected pipes. This network creates a special class of problems in hydraulic design, with solution methods typically referred to as pipe network analysis. Water utilities generally make use ...

  3. Azide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azide

    In chemistry, azide (/ ˈ eɪ z aɪ d /, AY-zyd) is a linear, polyatomic anion with the formula N − 3 and structure − N=N + =N −. It is the conjugate base of hydrazoic acid HN 3. Organic azides are organic compounds with the formula RN 3, containing the azide functional group. [1] The dominant application of azides is as a propellant in ...

  4. Hardy Cross method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardy_Cross_method

    The new flow rate, = + is the sum of the old flow rate and some change in flow rate such that the change in head over the loop is zero. The sum of the change in head over the new loop will then be Σ r ( Q 0 + Δ Q ) n = 0 {\displaystyle \Sigma r(Q_{0}+\Delta Q)^{n}=0} .

  5. Water supply network - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_supply_network

    A water supply network or water supply system is a system of engineered hydrologic and hydraulic components that provide water supply. A water supply system typically includes the following: A water supply system typically includes the following:

  6. Trinitrogen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrogen

    As a linear and symmetric molecule, it has D ∞h symmetry, with a nitrogen–nitrogen bond length averaging 1.8115 Å. The first excited electronic state, A 2 Σ u, is 4.56 eV above the ground state. [1] The cyclic form was identified in 2003 by N. Hansen and A. M. Wodtke using ultraviolet photolysis of chlorine azide. Although the reaction ...

  7. Nitrate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrate

    In the NO − 3 anion, the oxidation state of the central nitrogen atom is V (+5). This corresponds to the highest possible oxidation number of nitrogen. Nitrate is a potentially powerful oxidizer as evidenced by its explosive behaviour at high temperature when it is detonated in ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3), or black powder, ignited by the shock wave of a primary explosive.

  8. Nitrate nitrite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrate_nitrite

    formula ratio NO 3:NO 2. mw system space group unit cell Å volume density properties references [Cr(NH 3) 5 (NO 2)] ·(NO 3) 2 [2] trans-dinitrotetraamminecobalt(III) nitrate monohydrate [Co(NO 2) 2 (NH 3) 4]NO 3 •H 2 O 1:2 orthorhombic P2 1 2 1 2 1: a=10.02, b=6.02, c=16.84, Z=4 1.84 [3] cis-dinitrotetraamminecobalt(III) nitrate [Co(NO 2) 2 ...

  9. Silver azide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_azide

    In its most characteristic reaction, the solid decomposes explosively, releasing nitrogen gas: 2 AgN 3 (s) → 3 N 2 (g) + 2 Ag(s). The first step in this decomposition is the production of free electrons and azide radicals; thus the reaction rate is increased by the addition of semiconducting oxides. [4]