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The acid is prepared by the reaction of chlorosulfuric acid with hydrogen peroxide: [3] 2 ClSO 3 H + H 2 O 2 → H 2 S 2 O 8 + 2 HCl. Another method is the electrolysis of moderately concentrated sulfuric acid (60-70%) with platinum electrodes at high current density and voltage: H 2 SO 4 + H 2 O → H 3 O + + HSO 4 − (dissociation of ...
The acid is prepared by reacting excess sulfur trioxide (SO 3) with sulfuric acid: H 2 SO 4 + SO 3 → H 2 S 2 O 7. Disulfuric acid can be seen as the sulfuric acid analog of an acid anhydride. The mutual electron-withdrawing effects of each sulfuric acid unit on its neighbour causes a marked increase in acidity.
Despite the bactericidal effects of ethanol, acidifying effects of fermentation, and low oxygen conditions of industrial alcohol production, bacteria that undergo lactic acid fermentation can contaminate such facilities because lactic acid has a low pKa of 3.86 to avoid decoupling the pH membrane gradient that supports regulated transport.
Alcohol oxidation is a collection of oxidation reactions in organic chemistry that convert alcohols to aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. The reaction mainly applies to primary and secondary alcohols.
A peroxy acid (often spelled as one word, peroxyacid, and sometimes called peracid) is an acid which contains an acidic −OOH group. The two main classes are those derived from conventional mineral acids , especially sulfuric acid , and the peroxy derivatives of organic carboxylic acids .
Disulfurous acid, metabisulfurous acid or pyrosulfurous acid is an oxoacid of sulfur with the formula H 2 S 2 O 5. Its structure is HO−S(=O) 2 −S(=O)−OH. The salts of disulfurous acid are called disulfites or metabisulfites. Disulfurous acid is, like sulfurous acid (H 2 SO 3), a phantom acid, which does not exist in the free state. [2]
It also takes place in some species of fish (including goldfish and carp) where (along with lactic acid fermentation) it provides energy when oxygen is scarce. [ 1 ] Ethanol fermentation is the basis for alcoholic beverages , ethanol fuel and bread dough rising.
The Guerbet reaction, named after Marcel Guerbet (1861–1938), is an organic reaction that converts a primary alcohol into its β-alkylated dimer alcohol with loss of one equivalent of water. The process is of interest because it converts simple inexpensive feedstocks into more valuable products.