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Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. [3] [4] Cancer can be difficult to diagnose because its signs and symptoms are often nonspecific, meaning they may be general phenomena that do not point directly to a specific disease process.
Some substances cause cancer primarily through their physical, rather than chemical, effects on cells. [32] A prominent example of this is prolonged exposure to asbestos, naturally occurring mineral fibers which are a major cause of mesothelioma, which is a cancer of the serous membrane, usually the serous membrane surrounding the lungs. [32]
Radiation is a more potent source of cancer when combined with other cancer-causing agents, such as radon plus tobacco smoke. Radiation can cause cancer in most parts of the body, in all animals and at any age. Children are twice as likely to develop radiation-induced leukemia as adults; radiation exposure before birth has ten times the effect ...
Eventually, cells gain enough genetic changes to grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor, and eventually spreading within and then beyond the lung. Rampant tumor growth and spread causes the symptoms of lung cancer. If unstopped, the spreading tumor will eventually cause the death of affected individuals.
One such approach used genetically modified T cells, known as chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells), to attack cancer cells. In 2011, a year after treatment, two of the three people with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia were reported to be cancer-free [ 99 ] and in 2013, three of five subjects who had acute lymphocytic leukemia ...
The symptoms that the patient exhibits usually reflect the extent of the cancer's spread. Lung cancers that are discovered early may cause symptoms localized to the respiratory system. However, lung cancer that is advanced will cause patients to experience additional signs and symptoms secondary to the cancer spreading to other organ systems. [5]
A transmissible cancer is a cancer cell or cluster of cancer cells that can be transferred between individuals without the involvement of an infectious agent such as an oncovirus. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The evolution of transmissible cancer has occurred naturally in other animal species, but human cancer transmission is rare. [ 2 ]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 13 February 2025. Medical condition Kidney cancer Other names Renal cancer Micrograph showing the most common type of kidney cancer (clear cell renal cell carcinoma). H&E stain. Specialty Oncology nephrology Urology Symptoms Blood in the urine, lump in the abdomen, back pain Usual onset After the age of ...