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Lassa mammarenavirus is an emerging virus and a select agent, requiring Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment. It is endemic in West African countries, especially Sierra Leone , the Republic of Guinea , Nigeria , and Liberia , where the annual incidence of infection is between 300,000 and 500,000 cases, resulting in 5,000 deaths per year.
Lassa fever, also known as Lassa hemorrhagic fever, is a type of viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the Lassa virus. [1] Many of those infected by the virus do not develop symptoms . [ 1 ] When symptoms occur they typically include fever , weakness, headaches, vomiting , and muscle pains . [ 1 ]
An arenavirus is a bi- or trisegmented ambisense RNA virus that is a member of the family Arenaviridae. [1] [2] These viruses infect rodents and occasionally humans.A class of novel, highly divergent arenaviruses, properly known as reptarenaviruses, have also been discovered which infect snakes to produce inclusion body disease, mostly in boa constrictors.
Lassa fever is "an acute viral hemorrhagic illness caused by Lassa virus," according to the World ... The virus is primarily spread by multimammate rats belonging to the genus Mastomys, according ...
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In addition, five more species have recently been discovered: West Caucasian bat virus, Aravan virus, Khujand virus, Irkut virus and Shimoni bat virus. [8] [9] The lyssavirus genus can be divided into four phylogroups based upon DNA sequence homology. Phylogroup I includes viruses, such as Rabies virus, Duvenhage virus, European bat lyssavirus ...
the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus from the genus Orthonairovirus (Nairoviridae), Garissa virus and Ilesha virus from the genus Orthobunyavirus (Peribunyaviridae), and; the Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus from the genus Phlebovirus (Phenuiviridae). The family Filoviridae (order Mononegavirales) includes Ebola virus and Marburg virus.
Lassa virus from the Arenaviridae family causes Lassa hemorrhagic fever and is also a robovirus transmitted by the rodent genus Mastomys natalensis. [8] [9] The multimammate rat is able to excrete the virus in its urine and droppings. These rat are often found in the savannas and forests of Africa.