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The siege of Pensacola, fought from March 9 to May 10, 1781, was the culmination of Spain's conquest of West Florida during the Gulf Coast Campaign of the American Revolutionary War. [ 8 ] [ 1 ] The siege was commanded by Bernardo de Gálvez , whose nearly 8,000 troops ultimately overran the British forces in the region.
In early 1780, Gálvez embarked on an expedition to capture Mobile, which was one of only two major British military establishments left in West Florida; the other was the capital, Pensacola. Assembling 750 men in New Orleans , he sailed for Mobile on January 11, reaching Mobile Bay on February 9 after being delayed by storms.
The hill-top fort, connected to a sea level water battery, [5] overlooks Pensacola Bay. [6] From 1839 to 1844, the historic Spanish fort on the hill was reconstructed and dramatically expanded in brick. This is now termed "Fort Barrancas". The older, water battery downhill (Bateria de San Antonio, 1787) has been separately named as "Fort San ...
When the United States gained independence in 1783, the seacoast defense fortifications were in poor condition. Concerned by the outbreak of war in Europe in 1793, the Congress created a combined unit of "Artillerists and Engineers" to design, build, and garrison forts in 1794, appointed a committee to study coast defense needs, and appropriated money to construct a number of fortifications ...
The Seminole Wars (also known as the Florida Wars) were a series of three military conflicts between the United States and the Seminoles that took place in Florida between about 1816 and 1858. The Seminoles are a Native American nation which coalesced in northern Florida during the early 1700s, when the territory was still a Spanish colonial ...
The ports protected by these included Boston, New York City, the entrance to the Chesapeake Bay near Norfolk, Virginia, and Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The Navy provided twenty 16-inch guns intended for cancelled battleships in the 1920s; six of these were deployed in Hawaii and Panama by 1935.
Florida was under colonial rule by Spain from the 16th century to the 19th century, and briefly by Great Britain during the 18th century (1763–1783). Neither Spain nor Britain maintained a large military or civilian population. It became a territory of the United States in 1821. Two decades later, on March 3, 1845, Florida was admitted to the ...
This list is incomplete ; you can help by adding missing items. (August 2008) Lists of battles Before 301 301–1300 1301–1600 1601–1800 1801–1900 1901–2000 2001–current Naval Sieges See also Early 17th century (1601–1650) 1601 Capture of Portobello (1601) 17 January – English expedition assaulted and took Portobello from the Spanish, acquired some booty and then sacked the place ...