Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Miscarriage, also known in medical terms as a spontaneous abortion, is an end to pregnancy resulting in the loss and expulsion of an embryo or fetus from the womb before it can survive independently. [ 1 ] [ 4 ] Miscarriage before 6 weeks of gestation is defined as biochemical loss by ESHRE .
A stillbirth can often result in the feeling of guilt or grief in the mother. [10] The term is in contrast to miscarriage, which is an early pregnancy loss, [11] and sudden infant death syndrome, where the baby dies a short time after being born alive. [10] Often the cause is unknown.
Isoimmunization occurs when the maternal immune system is sensitized to red blood cell surface antigens. The most common causes of isoimmunization are blood transfusion, and fetal-maternal hemorrhage. [12] The hemolytic process can result in anemia, hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal thrombocytopenia, and neonatal neutropenia. [6]
A normal pregnancy contains higher numbers of immune cells, however, in a normal pregnancy, the immune system does not attack the fetus, but works to protect it as it grows and divides at an incredibly fast rate. T helper cells, Th1 and Th2, differ based on cytokine levels; Th1 is up-regulated during pregnancy,whereas Th2 is up-regulated in cancer.
Early stillbirth is between 20 and 27 weeks gestation, while late stillbirth is between 28 and 36 weeks gestation. A term stillbirth is when the fetus dies 37 weeks and above. [47] This phenomenon can go beyond grief and can lead to worries about strange maternal feelings or postpartum treatment regarding complications of childbirth. [48]
Immune tolerance in pregnancy or maternal immune tolerance is the immune tolerance shown towards the fetus and placenta during pregnancy. This tolerance counters the immune response that would normally result in the rejection of something foreign in the body, as can happen in cases of spontaneous abortion .
Early pregnancy loss is a term often used interchangeably with spontaneous abortion and miscarriage and refers to pregnancy loss during the first trimester. [7] It is the most common cause of early pregnancy bleeding and is associated only with heavy (versus light) bleeding. [8] However, patients typically remain hemodynamically stable.
Early pregnancy loss is a medical term that when referring to humans can variously be used to mean: Death of an embryo or fetus during the first trimester . This can happen by implantation failure , miscarriage , embryo resorption , early fetal resorption or vanishing twin syndrome.