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Some authors of English-language Go materials avoid use of Japanese technical terms, and the way they are applied can differ in subtle ways from the original meanings. A few Korean-language terms have come into use (e.g., haengma as a way of describing the development of stones).
Lasker's book Go and Go-moku (1934) helped spread the game throughout the U.S., [97] and in 1935, the American Go Association was formed. Two years later, in 1937, the German Go Association was founded. World War II put a stop to most Go activity, since it was a popular game in Japan, but after the war, Go continued to spread. [98]
The American Go Association adopted a uniform standard deviation of 104, [10] i.e. slightly more than one rank, while the European Go Federation ratings have a sliding standard of deviation from 200 for beginners down to 70 for top players. [6] The IGS has a fixed standard deviation for all levels of play, but a non-standard distribution. [11]
The concepts of sente and gote are important in higher level Go strategy. A player whose moves compel the opponent to respond in a local position is said to have sente ( ε ζ ) , meaning the player has the initiative; the opponent is said to have gote ( εΎζ ) .
Go is played on a plane grid of 19 horizontal and 19 vertical lines, called a board. Definition: A point on the board where a horizontal line meets a vertical line is called an intersection . Two intersections are said to be adjacent if they are distinct and connected by a horizontal or vertical line with no other intersections between them.
Labelling or using a label is describing someone or something in a word or short phrase. [1] For example, the label "criminal" may be used to describe someone who has broken a law. Labelling theory is a theory in sociology which ascribes labelling of people to control and identification of deviant behaviour.
Handicap go is the traditional form of teaching given to go players. Fixed handicap placements are in effect a form of graded tutorials: if you cannot beat your teacher with a nine-stone handicap, some fundamental points are still to be learned. The pedagogic value of fixed handicaps is an old debate for Western players.
Paper and pencil go is a Go variant that can be played with just paper and pencil. [14] Unlike standard Go, games played under these rules are guaranteed to end in a finite number of moves, and no ko rule is needed. Nothing is ever rubbed out. It differs from standard Go in the following ways: Surrounded stones are not captured, but just marked.