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Reaction name Product Comment Wolff–Kishner reduction: Alkane: If an aldehyde is converted to a simple hydrazone (RCH=NHNH 2) and this is heated with a base such as KOH, the terminal carbon is fully reduced to a methyl group. The Wolff–Kishner reaction may be performed as a one-pot reaction, giving the overall conversion RCH=O → RCH 3.
Base-catalyzed aldol reaction. Simple mechanism for base-catalyzed aldol reaction of an aldehyde with itself. Base-catalyzed dehydration. Simple mechanism for the dehydration of an aldol product. Although only a catalytic amount of base is required in some cases, the more usual procedure is to use a stoichiometric amount of a strong base such ...
The use of aldehyde in the name comes from its history: aldehydes are more reactive than ketones, so that the reaction was discovered first with them. [2] [3] [4] The aldol reaction is paradigmatic in organic chemistry and one of the most common means of forming carbon–carbon bonds in organic chemistry.
Usually, the crossed product is the major one. Any traces of the self-aldol product from the aldehyde may be disallowed by first preparing a mixture of a suitable base and the ketone and then adding the aldehyde slowly to the said reaction mixture. Using too concentrated base could lead to a competing Cannizzaro reaction. [12]
The joining of two aldehyde sugars to form a disaccharide removes the −OH from the carboxy group at the aldehyde end of one sugar. The creation of a peptide bond to link two amino acids to make a protein removes the −OH from the carboxy group of one amino acid. [citation needed]
Identification of the most senior group. If more than one functional group, if any, is present, the one with highest group precedence should be used. Identification of the ring or chain with the maximum number of senior groups. Identification of the ring or chain with the most senior elements (In order: N, P, Si, B, O, S, C).
Crotylboronates are useful reagents in the formation of crotyl alcohols. They react with the acidic protons of aldehydes to form alcohols. The mechanism involves a six-membered ring involving the carbonyl oxygen and boron in a chair-like structure. Such reactions are highly diastereoselective.
The original Betti base synthesized from 2-naphthol and the imine produced from the reaction of benzaldehyde and ammonia. The product of the Betti reaction is called the Betti base. The stereochemistry of the base was resolved into two isomers by using tartaric acid. Uses for the Betti base and its derivatives include: [1] [3] [4]