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If a magnet moves towards a closed loop, then the induced current in the loop creates a field that exerts a force opposing the motion of the magnet. Lenz's law can be derived from Faraday's law of induction by noting the negative sign on the right side of the equation.
1600: William Gilbert: Earth's magnetic field. 1608: Earliest record of an optical telescope. 1609: Johannes Kepler: first two laws of planetary motion. 1610: Galileo Galilei: Sidereus Nuncius: telescopic observations. 1614: John Napier: use of logarithms for calculation. [127] 1619: Johannes Kepler: third law of planetary motion.
This timeline lists significant discoveries in physics and the laws of nature, including experimental discoveries, theoretical proposals that were confirmed experimentally, and theories that have significantly influenced current thinking in modern physics. Such discoveries are often a multi-step, multi-person process.
Aepinus formulated a corresponding theory of magnetism excepting that, in the case of magnetic phenomena, the fluids only acted on the particles of iron. He also made numerous electrical experiments apparently showing that, in order to manifest electrical effects, tourmaline must be heated to between 37.5 °C and 100 °C.
Date: Person: Contribution: 1088: Shen Kuo: First person to write of the magnetic needle compass and that it improved the accuracy of navigation by helping to employ the astronomical concept of True North at all times of the day, thus making the first, recorded, scientific observation of the magnetic field (as opposed to a theory grounded in superstition or mysticism).
This is a timeline of states of matter ... magnetization is proportional to magnetic field ... a new phase of matter non-Abelian topological order ...
1895 – Hendrik Lorentz derives the Lorentz force for charged particles in electric and magnetic fields. [50] 1895 – Pierre Curie discovers empirically that the magnetic susceptibility of many materials is inversely proportional to temperature according to Curie's law. He also found that permanent magnetism was lost after a certain Curie ...
1896 Pieter Zeeman studies the splitting of sodium D lines when sodium is held in a flame between strong magnetic poles; 1897 J. J. Thomson discovered the electron; 1897 Emil Wiechert, Walter Kaufmann and J.J. Thomson discover the electron