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Corruption is a significant issue in Ukrainian society [1] [2] going back to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. [3] After declaring independence from the Soviet Union, Ukraine faced a series of politicians from different sides of the political spectrum, as well as criminal bosses and oligarchs, who used the corruption of police, political parties, and industry to gain power. [4]
The Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances comprises three substantially identical political agreements signed at the OSCE conference in Budapest, Hungary, on 5 December 1994, to provide security assurances by its signatories relating to the accession of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT).
She argued that the deterrent value of the nuclear weapons in Ukraine was questionable. While Ukraine had "administrative control" of the weapons delivery systems, it would have needed 12 to 18 months to establish full operational control, and Ukraine would have faced sanctions from the West and likely retaliation from Russia.
Notably, Ukraine was not believed to have had the codes needed to operate the nuclear weapons.. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky has groused over how his country has fared since the Budapest ...
ANALYSIS: The Ukrainian president needs to keep both the support of his people and Western allies – especially as his country will need hundreds of millions of pounds in aid to rebuild once the ...
Warning comes as bridge connecting Russian-held Crimea and the Ukrainian mainland is damaged in strike
Protection of civilians and prisoners of war under international humanitarian law. Ensuring the safety of nuclear power plants. Reducing strategic risks, preventing the use of chemical, biological or nuclear weapons. Guarantees for the export of grain within the framework of the Black Sea Grain Initiative. Rejection of unilateral sanctions.
Russia is planning attacks on Ukrainian nuclear power plants, “aiming to disconnect” them from the energy grid, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky told the United Nations General Assembly ...