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Sleep can be adversely affected by benzodiazepine dependence. Possible adverse effects on sleep include induction or worsening of sleep disordered breathing. Like alcohol, benzodiazepines are commonly used to treat insomnia in the short term (both prescribed and self-medicated), but worsen sleep in the long term.
Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome (BZD withdrawal) is the cluster of signs and symptoms that may emerge when a person who has been taking benzodiazepines as prescribed develops a physical dependence on them and then reduces the dose or stops taking them without a safe taper schedule.
A box of Lorazepam Orion (Lorazepam) tablets. Lorazepam, sold under the brand name Ativan among others, is a benzodiazepine medication. [14] It is used to treat anxiety (including anxiety disorders), trouble sleeping, severe agitation, active seizures including status epilepticus, alcohol withdrawal, and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. [14]
Although benzodiazepines are much safer in overdose than their predecessors, the barbiturates, they can still cause problems in overdose. [19] Taken alone, they rarely cause severe complications in overdose; [167] statistics in England showed that benzodiazepines were responsible for 3.8% of all deaths by poisoning from a single drug. [21]
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Across the world the most frequently diverted and non-medically used benzodiazepines include temazepam, diazepam, nimetazepam, nitrazepam, triazolam, flunitrazepam, midazolam, and in the United States alprazolam, clonazepam, and lorazepam. Benzodiazepines can cause serious addiction problems.
In this select population who are naive to and overdose solely on a benzodiazepine, it can be considered. [53] Due to its short half life, the duration of action of flumazenil is usually less than 1 hour, and multiple doses may be needed. [48] When flumazenil is indicated the risks can be reduced or avoided by slow dose titration of flumazenil ...
Neonatal withdrawal syndrome was first noticed in 1973 in newborns of mothers taking antidepressants; symptoms in the infant include irritability, rapid breathing, hypothermia, and blood sugar problems. The symptoms usually develop from birth to days after delivery and usually resolve within days or weeks of delivery. [29]