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The interleukin-3 receptor is a molecule found on cells which helps transmit the signal of interleukin-3, a soluble cytokine important in the immune system. The gene coding for the receptor is located in the pseudoautosomal region of the X and Y chromosomes .
The protein encoded by this gene is an interleukin 3 specific subunit of a heterodimeric cytokine receptor. The receptor is composed of a ligand specific alpha subunit and a signal transducing beta subunit shared by the receptors for interleukin 3 (IL3), colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2/GM-CSF), and interleukin 5 (IL5).
Decoy receptor 1 (DCR1), TRAIL receptor 3 (TRAILR3) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10C (TNFRSF10C); a human cell surface receptor of the TNF-receptor superfamily; not capable of inducing apoptosis, and thought to function as an antagonistic receptor that protects cells from TRAIL-induced apoptosis
The CD nomenclature was proposed and established in the 1st International Workshop and Conference on Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens (HLDA), held in Paris in 1982. [4] [5] This system was intended for the classification of the many monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) generated by different laboratories around the world against epitopes on the surface molecules of leukocytes (white blood cells).
Complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) are polypeptide segments of the variable chains in immunoglobulins (antibodies) and T cell receptors, generated by B-cells and T-cells respectively. CDRs are where these molecules bind to their specific antigen and their structure/sequence determines the binding activity of the respective antibody.
Since adding phosphate groups on tyrosines is such an important part of how the JAK-STAT signalling pathway functions, removing these phosphate groups can inhibit signalling. PTPs are tyrosine phosphatases, so are able to remove these phosphates and prevent signalling. Three major PTPs are SHP-1, SHP-2 and CD45. [38] SHP-1.
T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 zeta chain also known as T-cell receptor T3 zeta chain or CD247 (Cluster of Differentiation 247) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD247 gene. [5] Some older literature mention a similar protein called "CD3 eta" in mice. It is now understood to be an isoform differing in the last exon. [6]
CD133 antigen, also known as prominin-1, is a glycoprotein that in humans is encoded by the PROM1 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] It is a member of pentaspan transmembrane glycoproteins, which specifically localize to cellular protrusions.