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The avian immune system is the system of biological structures and cellular processes that protects birds from disease. The avian immune system resembles that of mammals since both evolved from a common reptilian ancestor and have inherited many commonalities. [1] They have also developed a number of different strategies that are unique to birds.
Bird anatomy, or the physiological structure of birds' bodies, shows many unique adaptations, mostly aiding flight.Birds have a light skeletal system and light but powerful musculature which, along with circulatory and respiratory systems capable of very high metabolic rates and oxygen supply, permit the bird to fly.
Immunoglobulin Y (abbreviated as IgY) is a type of immunoglobulin which is the major antibody in bird, reptile, and lungfish blood. It is also found in high concentrations in chicken egg yolk . As with the other immunoglobulins, IgY is a class of proteins which are formed by the immune system in reaction to certain foreign substances, and ...
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In birds, the bursa of Fabricius (Latin: bursa cloacalis or bursa Fabricii) is the site of hematopoiesis.It is a specialized organ that, as first demonstrated by Bruce Glick and later by Max Dale Cooper and Robert Good, is necessary for B cell (part of the immune system) development in birds.
A/H5N1 influenza virus was first identified in farmed birds in southern China in 1996. [12] Between 1996 and 2018, A/H5N1 coexisted in bird populations with other subtypes of the virus, but since then, the highly pathogenic subtype HPAI A(H5N1) has become the dominant strain in bird populations worldwide. [13]
1919 Jules Bordet (1870-1961), "for discovery of the complement system in the immune system" 1930 Karl Landsteiner (1868-1943), "for discovery of human blood types" 1960 Peter B. Medawar (1915-1987) and Frank Macfarlane Burnet (1899-1985), "for the discovery that the immune system of the fetus learns how to distinguish between self and non-self"
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