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Varshitapa is an upavāsa, fasting for 36 hours, on alternate days for 13 lunar months and 13 days continuously. In Varshitapa a person eats on alternate days between sunrise and sunset only. A person can not eat on any two consecutive days for the period of fast but can fast on two consecutive days.
Paryushana is an annual holy event for Jains and is usually celebrated in August, September or October in Hindi calendar (Indian calendar) Bhadrapad Month's Shukla Paksha. [1] Jains increase their level of spiritual intensity often using fasting and prayer/meditation to help. [2] [3] The five main vows are emphasized during this time.
In Jainism, the third part of the classical Jain text Kalpa Sutra, written by Bhadrabahu I in the 1st century AD, deals with rules for ascetics and laws during the four months (chaturmas) of the rainy season, when ascetics temporarily abandon their wandering life and settle down amidst the laity.
This is an important day in the Jain calendar of festivities. Jains observe the Parv Paryushana in the last 10 days of the bhado month- Digambar Jains observe ten days of the Dus Lakshan Parv and Chaturdashi (also known as Ananta Chaudas) is the last day of Daslakshan Parv.
This is because the Paryushan festival for the two sects itself commences on different dates and is of varying duration. As a result, while Samvatsari is observed on Shukla Panchami of Bhadrapada month by the Śvetāmbaras , the Digambaras celebrate Kshamavani on the first day of Ashvin Krishna month of the lunar-based Jain calendar .
These dates are called Kalyanaka Tithi. All dates are considered according to Jain calendar known as Jain Panchang based on the Vira Nirvana Samvat, but they differ according to different sects of Jain tradition and sometimes different within the same tradition also. [14] [15] [16] [17]
Sallekhana (IAST: sallekhanā), also known as samlehna, santhara, samadhi-marana or sanyasana-marana, [1] is a supplementary vow to the ethical code of conduct of Jainism.It is the religious practice of voluntarily fasting to death by gradually reducing the intake of food and liquids. [2]
This is because the Paryushan festival for the two sects itself commences on different dates and is of varying duration. As a result, while Samvatsari is observed on Shukla Chaturthi of Bhadrapada month by the Śvetāmbaras , the Digambaras celebrate it on the first day of Ashvin Krishna month of the lunar-based Jain calendar .