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At room temperature, fluorine is a gas of diatomic molecules, [5] pale yellow when pure (sometimes described as yellow-green). [42] It has a characteristic halogen-like pungent and biting odor detectable at 20 ppb. [43]
Henri Moissan's 1892 record of fluorine gas color, viewed end-on in a 5‑m tube. Air (1) is on the left, fluorine (2) is in the middle, chlorine (3) is on the right. Fluorine forms diatomic molecules (F 2) that are gaseous at room temperature with a density about 1.3 times that of air.
A Assuming an altitude of 194 metres above mean sea level (the worldwide median altitude of human habitation), an indoor temperature of 23 °C, a dewpoint of 9 °C (40.85% relative humidity), and 760 mmHg sea level–corrected barometric pressure (molar water vapor content = 1.16%). B Calculated values *Derived data by calculation.
The group of halogens is the only periodic table group that contains elements in three of the main states of matter at standard temperature and pressure, though not far above room temperature the same becomes true of groups 1 and 15, assuming white phosphorus is taken as the standard state. [n 1] All of the halogens form acids when bonded to ...
Manganese tetrafluoride is an unstable solid that decomposes even at room temperature. [62] Only one of the two allotropes, α-MnF 4 , is understood. In this compound, manganese forms –MnF 6 – octahedra which share bridging fluorines to make –Mn 4 F 20 – rings which are then further connected three dimensionally.
It is barely reactive under normal conditions, except for attack by fluorine, [242] and has a melting point of 2076 °C (cf. steel ~1370 °C). [243] Boron is a semiconductor; [244] its room temperature electrical conductivity is 1.5 × 10 −6 S•cm −1 [245] (about 200 times less than that of tap water) [246] and it has a band gap of about 1 ...
Fluorine reacts with lead at room temperature, forming lead(II) fluoride. The reaction with chlorine is similar but requires heating, as the resulting chloride layer diminishes the reactivity of the elements. [56] Molten lead reacts with the chalcogens to give lead(II) chalcogenides. [59]
Copper(II) fluoride or cupric fluoride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuF 2. The anhydrous form is a white, ionic , crystalline, hygroscopic salt with a distorted rutile -type crystal structure , similar to other fluorides of chemical formulae MF 2 (where M is a metal).