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The Pope and Mussolini: The Secret History of Pius XI and the Rise of Fascism in Europe. Random House Publishing Group. ISBN 9780679645535. British edition: Kertzer, David I. (2014). The Pope and Mussolini: The Secret History of Pius XI and the Rise of Fascism in Europe. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198716167. Italian edition:
The relationship between Italian fascism and the Catholic Church was mixed, as originally the fascists were highly anti-clerical and hostile to Catholicism, though from the mid to late 1920s anti-clericalism lost ground in the movement as Mussolini in power sought to seek accord with the Church as the Church held major influence in Italian ...
The group had a strongly Christian orientation, and sought a general Christian revival and a reawakening of awareness of the transcendental. Its outlook was rooted in German romanticism , German idealism and natural law , [ 251 ] and the circle had about twenty core members [ 252 ] (including the Jesuits Augustin Rösch , Alfred Delp and Lothar ...
In the opening moments of Sky’s new, eight-part biopic Mussolini: Son of the Century, we hear the man himself speak.“For 20 years you adored me and feared me, as a god. Then you madly hated me ...
Christian fascists focus on internal religious politics, such as passing laws and regulations that reflect their view of Christianity. Radicalized forms of Christian fascism or clerical fascism (clero-fascism or clerico-fascism) were emerging on the far-right of the political spectrum in some European countries during the interwar period in the ...
The Pope and Mussolini: The Secret History of Pius XI and the Rise of Fascism in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-871616-7. Latourette, Kenneth Scott (1958). Christianity in a Revolutionary Age: A History of Christianity in the 19th and 20th Century. Vol. 4: The 20th Century in Europe.
Nazi persecution of the Jews grew steadily worse throughout era of the Third Reich. Hamerow wrote that during the prelude to the Holocaust between Kristallnacht in November 1938 and the 1941 invasion of Soviet Russia, the position of the Jews "deteriorated steadily from disenfranchisement to segregation, ghettoization and sporadic mass murder". [18]
Other historians have characterised Hitler's mature religious position as a form of deism.) "The aggressive spread of atheism in the Soviet Union alarmed many German Christians", wrote Blainey, and with the Nazis becoming the main opponent of communism in Germany: "[Hitler] himself saw Christianity as a temporary ally, for in his opinion 'one ...