Ads
related to: are phosphonates the same as phosphates in water softener systemsquizntales.com has been visited by 1M+ users in the past month
Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
For these reasons, an important industrial use of phosphonates is in cooling waters, desalination systems, and in oil fields to inhibit scale formation. Phosphonates are also regularly used in reverse osmosis systems as antiscalants. Phosphonates in cooling water systems also serve to control corrosion of iron and steel.
Water softening is the removal of calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations in hard water. The resulting soft water requires less soap for the same cleaning effort, as soap is not wasted bonding with calcium ions. Soft water also extends the lifetime of plumbing by reducing or eliminating scale build-up in pipes
Phosphates have low toxicity in the environment but cause nutrient pollution, a major water quality problem in many watersheds. [17] Phosphates in water cause eutrophication of algae which creates conditions favorable to formation of harmful algal blooms. These blooms prevent light and oxygen from getting into the water, leading to the death of ...
Scale inhibitors are specialty chemicals that are added to oil production systems to delay, reduce and/or prevent scale deposition. [4] acrylic acid polymers, maleic acid polymers and phosphonates have been used extensively for scale treatment in water systems due to their excellent solubility, thermal stability and dosage efficiency.
Phosphorus-based antiscalants has the largest application use globally and they can be further classified into phosphorus-based and phosphonate-based AS. Green antiscalants usually contain natural polymers such as starch and are recently being more widely investigated due to discharge requirements.
In the U.S., trisodium phosphate is an approved flux for use in hard soldering joints in medical-grade copper plumbing. The flux is applied as a concentrated water solution and dissolves copper oxides at the temperature used in copper brazing. Residues are water-soluble and can be rinsed out before plumbing is put into service.
In aqueous solutions (solutions of water), water gradually (over the course of hours) hydrolyzes polyphosphates into smaller phosphates and finally into ortho-phosphate, given enough water. Higher temperature or acidic conditions can speed up the hydrolysis reactions considerably.
Oxidation of phosphonites gives phosphonates: 2 P(OR) 2 R + O 2 → 2 OP(OR) 2 R. Phosphonites can function as ligands in homogeneous catalysis. [3] References
Ads
related to: are phosphonates the same as phosphates in water softener systemsquizntales.com has been visited by 1M+ users in the past month