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Andreev reflection, named after the Russian physicist Alexander F. Andreev, is a type of particle scattering which occurs at interfaces between a superconductor (S) and a normal state material (N). It is a charge-transfer process by which normal current in N is converted to supercurrent in S.
Conversely, the (gapless) electron order present in the normal metal is also carried over to the superconductor in that the superconducting gap is lowered near the interface. The microscopic model describing this behavior in terms of single electron processes is called Andreev reflection. It describes how electrons in one material take on the ...
The size of the critical current (which can be as large as 100 amperes in a 1-mm wire) depends on the nature and geometry of the specimen and is related to whether the magnetic field produced by the current exceeds the critical field at the surface of the superconductor.
The table below shows some of the parameters of common superconductors. X:Y means material X doped with element Y, T C is the highest reported transition temperature in kelvins and H C is a critical magnetic field in tesla. "BCS" means whether or not the superconductivity is explained within the BCS theory.
These materials are type-II superconductors with substantial upper critical field H c2, and in contrast to, for example, the cuprate superconductors with even higher H c2, they can be easily machined into wires. Recently, however, 2nd generation superconducting tapes are allowing replacement of cheaper niobium-based wires with much more ...
A diagram of a single Josephson junction is shown at right. Assume that superconductor A has Ginzburg–Landau order parameter ψ A = n A e i ϕ A {\displaystyle \psi _{A}={\sqrt {n_{A}}}e^{i\phi _{A}}} , and superconductor B ψ B = n B e i ϕ B {\displaystyle \psi _{B}={\sqrt {n_{B}}}e^{i\phi _{B}}} , which can be interpreted as the wave ...
The main field of Naidyuk's scientific research is the study of the interaction of conduction electrons with quasiparticle excitations in solids using the method of point contact spectroscopy; research of strongly correlated electronic systems and point contact spectroscopy of topical superconductors, including promising ones such as magnesium diboride, rare-earth nickel-borocarbide compounds ...
Alexander Fyodorovich Andreev (Russian: Александр Фёдорович Андреев, 10 December 1939 – 14 March 2023) [1] was a Russian theoretical physicist best known for explaining the eponymous Andreev reflection. [2] Andreev was educated at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, starting in 1959 and graduating ahead of ...