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Common causes in pediatric patients may be diarrheal illness, frequent feedings with dilute formula, water intoxication via excessive consumption, and enemas. [3] Pseudohyponatremia is a false low sodium reading that can be caused by high levels of fats or proteins in the blood.
In chemistry, ion transport number, also called the transference number, is the fraction of the total electric current carried in an electrolyte by a given ionic species i: [1] = Differences in transport number arise from differences in electrical mobility.
The anion gap is a calculated measure. It is computed with a formula that uses the results of several individual lab tests, each of which measures the concentration of a specific anion or cation. The concentrations are expressed in units of milliequivalents/liter (mEq/L) or in millimoles/litre (mmol/L).
The loss tangent is then defined as the ratio (or angle in a complex plane) of the lossy reaction to the electric field E in the curl equation to the lossless reaction: tan δ = ω ε ″ + σ ω ε ′ . {\displaystyle \tan \delta ={\frac {\omega \varepsilon ''+\sigma }{\omega \varepsilon '}}.}
At low energy, the energy loss according to the Bethe formula therefore decreases approximately as v −2 with increasing energy. It reaches a minimum for approximately E = 3 Mc 2 , where M is the mass of the particle (for protons, this would be about at 3000 MeV).
The low-loss spectrum contains the zero-loss peak (signal from all the electrons which did not loose a measurable energy) as well as the phonon [11] and plasmon peaks, and contains information about the band structure and dielectric properties of the sample. It is also possible to resolve the energy spectrum in momentum to directly measure the ...
Bloodstain pattern analysis has been used informally for centuries, but the first modern study of blood stains was in 1895. Dr. Eduard Piotrowski of the University of Kraków published a paper titled "On the formation, form, direction, and spreading of blood stains after blunt trauma to the head."
The loss tangent is defined by the angle between the capacitor's impedance vector and the negative reactive axis. If the capacitor is used in an AC circuit, the dissipation factor due to the non-ideal capacitor is expressed as the ratio of the resistive power loss in the ESR to the reactive power oscillating in the capacitor, or