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  2. Null pointer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_pointer

    In computing, a null pointer or null reference is a value saved for indicating that the pointer or reference does not refer to a valid object. Programs routinely use null pointers to represent conditions such as the end of a list of unknown length or the failure to perform some action; this use of null pointers can be compared to nullable types ...

  3. Pointer (computer programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointer_(computer_programming)

    The language does not provide any explicit pointer manipulation operators. It is still possible for code to attempt to dereference a null reference (null pointer), however, which results in a run-time exception being thrown. The space occupied by unreferenced memory objects is recovered automatically by garbage collection at run-time. [20]

  4. Reference (computer science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_(computer_science)

    In computer programming, a reference is a value that enables a program to indirectly access a particular datum, such as a variable's value or a record, in the computer's memory or in some other storage device. The reference is said to refer to the datum, and accessing the datum is called dereferencing the reference. A reference is distinct from ...

  5. Microsoft Excel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Excel

    Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet editor developed by Microsoft for Windows, macOS, Android, iOS and iPadOS.It features calculation or computation capabilities, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications (VBA).

  6. Indirection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirection

    In computer programming, an indirection (also called a reference) is a way of referring to something using a name, reference, or container instead of the value itself. The most common form of indirection is the act of manipulating a value through its memory address .

  7. Function pointer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_pointer

    Dereferencing the function pointer yields the referenced function, which can be invoked and passed arguments just as in a normal function call. Such an invocation is also known as an "indirect" call, because the function is being invoked indirectly through a variable instead of directly through a fixed identifier or address.

  8. Syntactic sugar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntactic_sugar

    The reference to the object is passed as a hidden argument, usually accessible from within the method as this. A parameter called by reference is syntactic sugar for technically passing a pointer as the parameter, but syntactically handling it as the variable itself, to avoid constant pointer de-referencing in the code inside the function.

  9. Dangling pointer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangling_pointer

    To expose dangling pointer errors, one common programming technique is to set pointers to the null pointer or to an invalid address once the storage they point to has been released. When the null pointer is dereferenced (in most languages) the program will immediately terminate—there is no potential for data corruption or unpredictable behavior.