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Endothelial dysfunction may be involved in the development of atherosclerosis [5] [6] [7] and may predate vascular pathology. [ 5 ] [ 8 ] Endothelial dysfunction may also lead to increased adherence of monocytes and macrophages , as well as promoting infiltration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the vessel wall. [ 9 ]
Memorial Sloan Kettering Children's Cancer Center: New York City (Manhattan) New York 1 Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital: New York City (Manhattan) New York 193 Level I Pediatric 3 8 St. Mary's Hospital for Children New York City New York 103 Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York: New Hyde Park: New York 146
Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital is located inside Memorial Hermann–Texas Medical Center and is a member institution of the Children's Hospital Association. [2] It houses one of the nation's largest neonatal intensive care units and is one of only two Level IV NICUs in Southeast Texas.
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital is a pediatric treatment and research hospital headquartered in Memphis, Tennessee. Founded by entertainer Danny Thomas in 1962, it is a 501(c)(3) designated nonprofit medical corporation which focuses on children's catastrophic diseases, particularly leukemia and other cancers. [ 1 ]
[1] [2] [3] The number of children's hospitals proliferated in the 20th century, as pediatric medical and surgical specialties separated from internal medicine and adult surgical specialties. Children's hospitals are characterized by greater attention to the psychosocial support of children and their families.
Children's Health is also a pediatric kidney, liver, heart, bowel, and bone marrow transplant center, and includes a designated Level 1 trauma center. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Until 2014, Children's Health was known by the name of its main hospital, Children's Medical Center Dallas.
Previously named Children's Hospital & Research Center Oakland, the hospital was renamed in 2014 after affiliating with UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital San Francisco. [8] In 2016, the UCSF Children's Hospital was ranked among the top 25 in eight of 10 hospital specialties in the U.S News & World Report's best pediatric hospitals listing. [9] [10]
There appears to be a role of cytokines in causing endothelial dysfunction. [3] [4] Finally, according to the "neuropeptide/cerebral vasoconstriction" theory, some specific substances (endothelin 1, thromboxane A2) trigger spasm of the blood vessels with resultant vessel wall damage and edema.