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Cressey is credited with the theory of the "fraud triangle," three elements that are present in most cases of occupational fraud. [5] Cressey himself did not use this term during his lifetime. [ 6 ] For two of the three motivational factors identified by Cressey, he drew on the thoughts of the US-American sociologist of German-Danish origin ...
In the United States, other than in the military departments, the first Office of Inspector General was established by act of Congress in 1976 [1] under the Department of Health and Human Services to eliminate waste, fraud, and abuse in Medicare, Medicaid, and more than 100 other departmental programs. [2]
In law, fraud is an intentional deception to secure unfair or unlawful gain, or to deprive a victim of a legal right. Fraud can violate civil law or criminal law, or it may cause no loss of money, property, or legal right but still be an element of another civil or criminal wrong. [1]
Fraud can be defined as either a civil wrong or a criminal act. For civil fraud, a government agency or person or entity harmed by fraud may bring litigation to stop the fraud, seek monetary damages, or both. For criminal fraud, a person may be prosecuted for the fraud and potentially face fines, incarceration, or both. [3]
Occupational crime is “any act punishable by law that is committed through opportunity created on the course of an occupation that is legal.” [22] Individuals may commit crimes during employment or unemployment. The two most common forms are theft and fraud. Theft can be of varying degrees, from a pencil to furnishings to a car.
Professional abuse is "a pattern of conduct in which a person abuses, violates, or takes advantage of a victim within the context of the abuser's profession." [ 1 ] This typically involves a violation of the relevant professional organization 's code of ethics . [ 2 ]
The term 'occupational deviance' is better reserved for deviation from occupational norms (e.g. drinking on the job; sexual harassment), and the term 'workplace crime' is better reserved for conventional forms of crime committed in the workplace (e.g. rape; assault). The conceptual conflation of fundamentally dissimilar activities hinders ...
Workplace violence, [1] violence in the workplace, [2] or occupational violence refers to violence, usually in the form of physical abuse or threat, that creates a risk to the health and safety of an employee or multiple employees. [3]