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Backpackers at a wilderness therapy program. Wilderness therapy, also known as outdoor behavioral healthcare, is a treatment option for behavioral disorders, substance abuse, and mental health issues in adolescents. [1] Patients spend time living outdoors with peers.
The National Association of Therapeutic Schools and Programs (NATSAP) is a United States trade organization of therapeutic schools, residential treatment programs, wilderness programs, outdoor therapeutic programs, young adult programs, and home-based residential programs for adolescents and young adults with emotional and behavioral difficulties.
A meta-analysis of 26 studies of psychological intervention programs for youth at risk which used a version of the Youth Outcomes Questionnaire found very large positive effect sizes for wilderness-based programs according to observers (g = 1.38), which was larger than the changes according to observers for non-wilderness programs (g = 0.74
The troubled teen industry has a precursor in the drug rehabilitation program called Synanon, founded in 1958 by Charles Dederich. [11] By the late 1970s, Synanon had developed into a cult and adopted a resolution proclaiming the Synanon Religion, with Dederich as the highest spiritual authority, allowing the organization to qualify as tax-exempt under US law.
One such study, involving 993 students from 9 schools was presented at the 114th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association. [4] Another study from 2001, involving 858 kids and their families enrolled in a group of seven wilderness therapy programs for a full year, has been published by the University of Idaho. [5] [7]
Teenagers have been participating in tough love behavior modification programs by force or coercion since the 1960s. [4] Many of these programs take place in the wilderness in the style of military recruit training (also known as boot camps) and the teenagers are subjected to rigid discipline, including mandatory marches, physical abuse, solitary confinement, and deprivation of food and sleep.
Mental health in education is the impact that mental health (including emotional, psychological, and social well-being) has on educational performance.Mental health often viewed as an adult issue, but in fact, almost half of adolescents in the United States are affected by mental disorders, and about 20% of these are categorized as “severe.” [1] Mental health issues can pose a huge problem ...
In Edinburgh, UK, a survey was professionally analyzed to show the effects exposure to greenspace has on primary school children. It found that more exposure helps increase self-esteem in young children. [10] Increased urbanization in the Netherlands was studied in correlation to an increase in various mental and physical health issues. They ...