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Clock synchronization is a topic in computer science and engineering that aims to coordinate otherwise independent clocks. Even when initially set accurately, real clocks will differ after some amount of time due to clock drift, caused by clocks counting time at slightly different rates. There are several problems that occur as a result of ...
Einstein synchronisation (or Poincaré–Einstein synchronisation) is a convention for synchronising clocks at different places by means of signal exchanges. This synchronisation method was used by telegraphers in the middle 19th century, [citation needed] but was popularized by Henri Poincaré and Albert Einstein, who applied it to light signals and recognized its fundamental role in ...
The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a networking protocol for clock synchronization between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks. In operation since before 1985, NTP is one of the oldest Internet protocols in current use.
The Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is a protocol for clock synchronization throughout a computer network with relatively high precision and therefore potentially high accuracy. . In a local area network (LAN), accuracy can be sub-microsecond – making it suitable for measurement and control systems.
Antenna-integrated OTMC 100 PTP grandmaster clock from OMICRON Lab [55]; AVN-GMCS IEEE1588 PTP Grandmaster Clock with GPS Receiver from Sonifex [56]; Calnex Solutions provides a number of IEEE 1588v2 test products for field and factory use including Paragon-X, Paragon-100G and Sentinel [57]
In contrast to standard Ethernet according to IEEE 802.3 and Ethernet bridging according to IEEE 802.1Q, time is very important in TSN networks.For real-time communication with hard, non-negotiable time boundaries for end-to-end transmission latencies, all devices in this network need to have a common time reference and therefore, need to synchronize their clocks among each other.
Synchronization is as important as power at the cell site. [3] The quote above suggests that one can think of holdover in synchronization applications as analogous to running on backup power. Modern wireless communication systems require at least knowledge of frequency and often knowledge of phase as well in order to work correctly.
The PTP Industrial Profile (PIP) is a standard of the IEC 62439-3 [1] that specifies in its Annex C two Precision Time Protocol IEEE 1588 / IEC 61588 profiles, L3E2E and L2P2P, to synchronize network clocks with an accuracy of 1 μs and provide fault-tolerance against clock failures.