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An inguinal hernia or groin hernia is a hernia (protrusion) of abdominal cavity contents through the inguinal canal. Symptoms, which may include pain or discomfort especially with or following coughing, exercise, or bowel movements , are absent in about a third of patients.
[3] [4] In the inguinal hernia, fatty tissue or a part of the small intestine gets inserted into the inguinal canal. [5] Other structures that are uncommon but may get stuck in inguinal hernia can be the appendix, caecum, and transverse colon. [6] Hernias can be asymptomatic, incarcerated, or strangled. [3]
Inguinal hernia repair with mesh diagram Laparoscopic hernia repair with mesh. Surgery is recommended for some types of hernias to prevent complications such as obstruction of the bowel or strangulation of the tissue, although umbilical hernias and hiatus hernias may be watched, or are treated with medication. [34]
It is more often seen in men, and predominantly on the right side. Maydl's hernia should be suspected in patients with large incarcerated herniae and in patients with evidence of intra-abdominal strangulation or peritonitis. Postural or manual reduction of the hernia is contra-indicated as it may result in non-viable bowel being missed. [2]
If a loop of bowel passes through the mesenteric defect, that loop is at risk for incarceration, strangulation, or for becoming the lead point of a small bowel obstruction. [1] Internal hernias can also trap adipose tissue (fat) and nerves. Unlike more common forms of hernias, the trapped tissue protrudes inward, rather than outward. [2]
A Richter's hernia occurs when the antimesenteric wall of the intestine protrudes through a defect in the abdominal wall. This is distinct from other types of abdominal hernias in that only one intestinal wall protrudes through the defect, such that the lumen of the intestine is incompletely contained in the defect, while the rest remains in the peritoneal cavity.
Amyand's hernia is a rare form of an inguinal hernia (less than 1% of inguinal hernias) [2] which occurs when the appendix is included in the hernial sac and becomes incarcerated. The condition is an eponymous disease named after a French surgeon , Claudius Amyand (1660–1740), [ 3 ] who performed the first successful appendectomy in 1735.
Due to the rarity of an obturator hernia, multiple other illnesses may be considered and ruled out before arriving at the diagnosis of an obturator hernia. Intestinal obstruction is the most common other illness that medical teams may suspect a person has, alongside small bowel obstruction, colon cancer, and small bowel hernia. [8]
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