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A horizontal temperature gradient may occur, and hence air density variations, where air velocity changes. An example: the speed of the jet stream is not constant along its length; additionally air temperature and hence density will vary between the air within the jet stream and the air outside. Cirrus clouds often associated with clear-air ...
In meteorology the Ellrod index is a technique for forecasting clear-air turbulence (CAT). It is calculated based on the product of horizontal deformation and vertical wind shear derived from numerical model forecast winds aloft. The deformation predictors are calculated using following information. Shearing deformation:
It represents the ratio of thermally-produced turbulence and turbulence generated by vertical shear. Practically, its value determines whether convection is free or forced. High values indicate unstable and/or weakly sheared environments ; low values indicate weak instability and/or strong vertical shear.
Data from turbulence prediction website Turbli, which has analysed around 150,000 routes, shows the most turbulent journeys of 2023. Routes are ranked according to “eddy dissipation rate ...
Convective turbulence is generally associated with storms and is caused by warm air rising. Clear air turbulence can be caused by a number of factors and is generally harder to predict than the ...
Customers may need to brace themselves for increased air turbulence while flying as severe storms and stronger jet streams driven by climate change could make bumpy rides more frequent. A ...
It is a refined point source Gaussian air quality model for use in all stability conditions (i.e., all conditions of atmospheric turbulence) for complex terrain. OCD – Offshore and coastal dispersion model (OCD) is a Gaussian model developed to determine the impact of offshore emissions from point, area or line sources on the air quality of ...
It appears the Boeing 777-300 encountered clear air turbulence over the Bay of Bengal, south of the southern tip of Myanmar, just before 9am British time. A turn towards Bangkok and a rapid ...