Ad
related to: upward downward and lateral communication process
Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Meaning:-Lateral communication involves communication across chains of command. It facilitates coordination among departments. It probably takes place because people prefer the informality of lateral communication to the formal downward and upward communication. Those actively involved in lateral communication are called “boundary spanners.”
Upward communication is the process of information flowing from the lower levels of a hierarchy to the upper levels. This type of communication is becoming more popular in organizations as traditional forms of communication are becoming less popular. The more traditional organization types such as a hierarchy, places people into separate ranks.
Upward communication is the process of transmitting information from the bottom levels of an organization to the top levels. It includes judgments, estimations, propositions, complaints, grievance, appeals, reports, etc. from subordinates to superiors. It is very important because it serves as the response on the success of downward communication.
Informal and formal communication are used in an organization. Formal communication flows downward, horizontal and upward while informal communication is generally referred to as "the grapevine". Formal communication refers to the flow of official information through proper, predefined channels and routes.
This results in mostly downward communication from supervisors to employees. [4] Little upward communication occurs, causing subordinates to be somewhat suspicious of communication coming from the top. The upper management tends to control the way employees can communicate to others and how they make decisions. [4]
In an upward social comparison, people want to believe themselves to be part of the elite or superior and make comparisons highlighting the similarities between themselves and the comparison group, unlike a downward social comparison, where similarities between individuals or groups are disassociated.
Hannah Kobayashi, from Hawaii, has been missing since she landed in Los Angeles on Friday, Nov. 8. A Hawaii woman who has been missing since she failed to board a connecting flight in Los Angeles ...
Communication is central to the entire management process for four primary reasons: Communication is a linking process of management. Communication is the primary means by which people obtain and exchange information. The most time‐consuming activity a manager engages in is communication.
Ad
related to: upward downward and lateral communication process