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Most emperors of the Imperial period also received a temple name (廟號; Miaohao), used to venerate them in ancestor worship. [14] From the rule of Emperor Wu of Han (r. 141–87 BCE) onwards, [c] emperors also adopted one or several era names (年號; Nianhao), or "reign mottos", [17] to divide their rule by important events or ...
Timeline of Chinese history. This is a timeline of Chinese history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in China and its dynasties. To read about the background to these events, see History of China. See also the list of Chinese monarchs, Chinese emperors family tree, dynasties of China and years in China.
For most of its history, China was organized into various dynastic states under the rule of hereditary monarchs.Beginning with the establishment of dynastic rule by Yu the Great c. 2070 BC, [1] and ending with the abdication of the Xuantong Emperor in AD 1912, Chinese historiography came to organize itself around the succession of monarchical dynasties.
From the Shang until the Sui dynasty (581–618) dynasty, Chinese rulers (both kings and emperors) were referred to by their posthumous names in records and historical texts. Temple names , first used during the reign of Emperor Jing of Han ( r.
An emperor's era name or reign name was chosen at the beginning of his reign to reflect the political concerns of the court at the time. [26] A new era name became effective on the first day of the Chinese New Year after that emperor's accession, which fell between 21 January and 20 February (inclusively) of the Gregorian calendar. [27]
From the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) until the Qing dynasty (1644–1912), the ruling head of state was known as huangdi, or emperor. [12] In Chinese historical texts, emperors of the Song dynasty, along with the Tang and Yuan dynasties, are referred to by their temple names.
Throughout Chinese history, "Emperor" (Chinese: 皇帝; pinyin: Huángdì) was the superlative title held by the monarchs who ruled various imperial dynasties or Chinese empires. In traditional Chinese political theory, the emperor was the "Son of Heaven", an autocrat with the divine mandate right to rule all under Heaven.
Emperor He of Han: 92–105 CE Destruction of the Northern Xiongnu. Peak of the Eastern Han. Jin dynasty; Reign of Taikang [11] 太康之治: Emperor Wu of Jin: 280–289 CE Reunification of China following the conquest of the Eastern Wu, and economic recovery. Liu Song; Reign of Yuanjia [12] 元嘉之治: Emperor Wen of Liu Song: 424–450 CE