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In contrast, PAM-5 is the modulation technique used in 1000BASE-T Gigabit Ethernet. 10GBASE-T SFP+ transceiver. The line encoding used by 10GBASE-T is the basis for the newer and slower 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T standard, implementing a 2.5 or 5.0 Gbit/s connection over existing category 5e or 6 cabling. [51]
This led to the development of 10BASE-T and its successors 100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T, 10GBASE-T and 40GBASE-T, supporting speeds of 10 and 100 megabit per second, then 1, 10 and 40 gigabit per second respectively.
10BASE5, 10BASE2, 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T, 10GBASE-T: Maximum distance 100 m (328 ft) over twisted pair, up to 100 km over optical fiber Mode of operation differential (balanced), optical, single-ended Maximum bit rate 1 Mbit/s to 400 Gbit/s Voltage levels ± 2.5 V (over twisted pair) Common connector types 8P8C, LC, SC, ST
The most popular variant, 1000BASE-T, is defined by the IEEE 802.3ab standard. It came into use in 1999, and has replaced Fast Ethernet in wired local networks due to its considerable speed improvement over Fast Ethernet, as well as its use of cables and equipment that are widely available, economical, and similar to previous standards.
The competing MGBASE-T Alliance, stating the same faster Gigabit Ethernet objectives, was founded in December 2014. [15] In contrast to NBASE-T, the MGBASE-T said that their specifications would be open source. [16] IEEE 802.3's "2.5G/5GBASE-T Task Force" started working on the 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T standards in March 2015. [17]
Whereas Category 6 cable has a reduced maximum length of 55 metres (180 ft) when used for 10GBASE-T, Category 6A cable is specified for 500 MHz and has improved alien crosstalk characteristics, allowing 10GBASE-T to be run for the same 100-metre (330 ft) maximum distance as previous Ethernet over twisted pair variants.
The physical coding sublayer (PCS) is a networking protocol sublayer in the Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, and 10 Gigabit Ethernet standards. It resides at the top of the physical layer (PHY), and provides an interface between the physical medium attachment (PMA) sublayer and the media-independent interface (MII).
IEEE 802.3 is a working group and a collection of standards defining the physical layer and data link layer's media access control (MAC) of wired Ethernet.The standards are produced by the working group of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).