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The Warsaw Pact (WP), [d] formally the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance (TFCMA), [e] was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist republics of Central and Eastern Europe in May 1955, during the Cold War.
End of most communist states. End of the Cold War; Spread of liberal democracy; End of the Soviet Union as a superpower and its dissolution on 26 December 1991; Collapse of the one-party state regimes, democratic centralism, planned economy; Socio-economic reforms in China, Laos, and Vietnam; Dissolution of the Warsaw Pact, Comecon, and Eastern ...
The Pact consolidated the other Bloc members' armies in which Soviet officers and security agents served under a unified Soviet command structure. [115] Beginning in 1964, Romania took a more independent course. [116] While it did not repudiate either Comecon or the Warsaw Pact, it ceased to play a significant role in either. [116]
By the end of World War II, most of Eastern Europe, and the Soviet Union in particular, suffered vast destruction. [9] The Soviet Union had suffered a staggering 27 million deaths, and the destruction of significant industry and infrastructure, both by the Nazi Wehrmacht and the Soviet Union itself in a "scorched earth" policy to keep it from falling in Nazi hands as they advanced over 1,600 ...
By the end of 1943, the Soviets occupied half of the territory taken by the Germans from 1941 to 1942. [148] Soviet military industrial output also had increased substantially from late 1941 to early 1943 after Stalin had moved factories well to the East of the front, safe from German invasion and air attack. [149]
The USSR had yet to launch its attack on Japanese forces and so one of the assumptions in the report was that the Soviets would instead ally with Japan if the Western Allies commenced hostilities. The hypothetical date for the start of the Allied invasion of Soviet-held Eastern Europe was scheduled for 1 July 1945, four days before the United ...
[165] [166] [167] Eleven days later, [168] the Soviets presented a Stalin-drafted written counter-proposal where they would accept the four-power pact, but it included Soviet rights to Bulgaria and a world sphere of influence focus on the area around modern Iraq and Iran. [169]
The fact that the Soviets did not follow up taking Belgrade with an offensive onto the Adriatic Sea, instead heading up the Danube river valley towards Budapest, allowed the German Army Group E under Alexander Löhr to escape from Greece. [34] On 4 October 1944, the British III Corps under General Ronald Scobie landed in Greece. [46]