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With a girth of 6.9 m (22.6 ft) and a height of 40 metres (130 ft), the Ulmus × hollandica hybrid elm on Great Saling Green, Great Saling, near Braintree, Essex, reckoned at least 350 years old, [25] was reputedly the largest elm in England, before succumbing to Dutch Elm Disease in the 1980s; [26] Elwes and Henry (1913) misidentified it as U ...
The name "Dutch elm disease" refers to its identification in 1921 and later in the Netherlands by Dutch phytopathologists Bea Schwarz and Christine Buisman, who both worked with professor Johanna Westerdijk. [1] [2] The disease affects species in the genera Ulmus and Zelkova, therefore it is not specific to the Dutch elm hybrid. [3] [4] [5]
The tree has upright, spreading branches bearing dark-green leaves. [1] ' ... to Dutch elm disease, and unaffected by the Elm Leaf Beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola. [2]
U. × hollandica var. insularum has an open canopy comprising irregular branching; the leaves are broadly ovate, < 8.5 cm long by 6 cm broad.The tree is distinguished from typical U. × hollandica and its most common cultivar, 'Vegeta', the Huntingdon Elm, by its longer (8–12 mm) petiole, greater foliar asymmetry, and more extensive axillary tufts on the lower surface of the lamina.
The ‘Dutch’ elm quickly became popular in eighteenth-century estate plantations in England, survivors today being naturalised relics of this planting fashion; but the tree was always rare in the Netherlands, where from the eighteenth century hollandse iep (Holland elm) meant the widely planted hybrid Ulmus × hollandica Belgica (Belgian Elm). [2]
Golden elm tree with Dutch elm disease. Dutch elm disease (DED) devastated elms throughout Europe and much of North America in the second half of the 20th century. It derives its name "Dutch" from the first description of the disease and its cause in the 1920s by Dutch botanists Bea Schwarz and Christina Johanna Buisman.
The hybrid elm cultivar Ulmus × hollandica 'Pioneer' is an American clone arising from the crossing of two European species, Wych Elm U. glabra (female parent) and Field Elm U. minor. Raised by the USDA station at Delaware, Ohio, in 1971, 'Pioneer' was released to commerce in 1983.
Very susceptible to Dutch elm disease, it was the loss of this particular elm more than any other to the earlier strain of the disease which initiated the Dutch elm breeding programme in 1928. [8] In trials of Dutch clones, past and present, conducted at Wageningen in 2008 and 2009, 'Belgica' exhibited 89% defoliation eight weeks after ...