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The Nebelwerfer (transl. "fog launcher") was a World War II German series of weapons. They were initially developed by and assigned to the Army 's Nebeltruppen . Initially, two different mortars were fielded before they were replaced by a variety of rocket launchers ranging in size from 15 to 32 centimetres (5.9 to 12.6 in).
The Katyusha (Russian: Катю́ша, IPA: [kɐˈtʲuʂə] ⓘ) is a type of rocket artillery first built and fielded by the Soviet Union in World War II. Multiple rocket launchers such as these deliver explosives to a target area more intensively than conventional artillery, but with lower accuracy and requiring a longer time to reload.
Modern rocket artillery was first employed during World War II, in the form of the German Nebelwerfer family of rocket ordnance designs, Soviet Katyusha-series and numerous other systems employed on a smaller scale by the Western allies and Japan. In modern use, the rockets are often guided by an internal guiding system or GPS in order to ...
Proposals to copy the Katyusha for German use were soon made but there wasn't much spare industrial capacity available for new projects. There also wasn't a great deal of enthusiasm for the project because the German Army had already committed to the production of spin-stabilized rocket systems such as the 15 cm Nebelwerfer 41. [2]
BM-13-16 Katyusha Soviet Union: 1940 - 150 6 15 cm Nebelwerfer 41 Nazi Germany: 150 10 15cm Panzerwerfer 42 Nazi Germany: 180 20 Unrotated projectile United Kingdom: 190 1 Type 10 and Type 3 Rocket Boosters Japan: 203 1 Type 4 20 cm Rocket Launcher Japan: 210 1 20 cm Naval Rocket Launcher Japan: 210 5 21cm NbW 42 Nazi Germany: 280 6
The first weapon to be delivered to the troops was the 15 cm Nebelwerfer 41 in 1940, after the Battle of France, a purpose-designed rocket with gas, smoke, and high-explosive warheads. It was fired from a six-tube launcher mounted on a towed carriage adapted from that used by the 3.7 cm PaK 36 to a range of 6,900 metres (7,500 yds), later also ...
The Americans mounted tubular launchers atop M4 Sherman tanks to create the T34 Calliope rocket launching tank, only used in small numbers, as their closest equivalent to the Katyusha. The Germans began using a towed six-tube multiple rocket launcher during World War II, the Nebelwerfer, called the "Screaming Mimi" by the Allies. The system was ...
In Germany, the 15 cm Nebelwerfer 41 was an adaptation of a multiple barrelled smoke mortar for artillery rockets. The Soviet ' s Katyusha was a self-propelled system, being mounted on trucks, tanks and even trains.