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A metal ion in aqueous solution or aqua ion is a cation, dissolved in water, of chemical formula [M(H 2 O) n] z+.The solvation number, n, determined by a variety of experimental methods is 4 for Li + and Be 2+ and 6 for most elements in periods 3 and 4 of the periodic table.
This table lists the ionic species that are most likely to be present, depending on pH, in aqueous solutions of binary salts of metal ions. The existence must be inferred on the basis of indirect evidence provided by modelling with experimental data or by analogy with structures obtained by X-ray crystallography.
Solutions of metal aquo complexes are acidic owing to the ionization of protons from the water ligands. In dilute solution chromium(III) aquo complex has a pK a of about 4.3: [Cr(H 2 O) 6] 3+ ⇌ [Cr(H 2 O) 5 (OH)] 2+ + H + Thus, the aquo ion is a weak acid, of comparable strength to acetic acid (pK a of about 4.8). This pK a is typical of the ...
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
In aqueous solution, solutes interact with water molecules to varying degrees. Metal cations form aquo complexes, wherein the oxygen of water bind to the cation. This first coordination sphere is encased in further solvation shells, whereby water bonds to the coordinated water via hydrogen bonding.
The lixiviant solution conditions vary in terms of pH, oxidation-reduction potential, presence of chelating agents and temperature, to optimize the rate, extent and selectivity of dissolution of the desired metal component into the aqueous phase. By using chelating agents, one can selectively extract certain metals.
Solutions obtained by dissolution of lithium in liquid ammonia. The solution at the top has a dark blue color and the lower one a golden color. The colors are characteristic of solvated electrons at electronically insulating and metallic concentrations, respectively. A lithium–ammonia solution at −60 °C is saturated at about 15 mol% metal ...
In chemistry, metal hydroxides are a family of compounds of the form M n+ (OH) n, where M is a metal. They consist of hydroxide ( OH − ) anions and metallic cations , [ 1 ] and are often strong bases .