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Explicit memory (or declarative memory) is one of the two main types of long-term human memory, the other of which is implicit memory. Explicit memory is the conscious, intentional recollection of factual information, previous experiences, and concepts. [1] This type of memory is dependent upon three processes: acquisition, consolidation, and ...
Both implicit and explicit memory are types of long-term memory, which is defined by the transfer of information from short-term memory into long-term storage in order to create enduring memories.
A flashcard or flash card is a card bearing information on both sides, usually intended to practice and/or aid memorization. It can be virtual (part of a flashcard software) or physical. Typically, each flashcard bears a question or definition on one side and an answer or target term on the other.
Declarative, or explicit memory, is the conscious storage and recollection of data. [10] Under declarative memory resides semantic and episodic memory. Semantic memory refers to memory that is encoded with specific meaning. [2] Meanwhile, episodic memory refers to information that is encoded along a spatial and temporal plane.
Spaced repetition is an evidence-based learning technique that is usually performed with flashcards. Newly introduced and more difficult flashcards are shown more frequently, while older and less difficult flashcards are shown less frequently in order to exploit the psychological spacing effect. The use of spaced repetition has been proven to ...
The testing effect (also known as retrieval practice, active recall, practice testing, or test-enhanced learning) [1] [2] [3] suggests long-term memory is increased when part of the learning period is devoted to retrieving information from memory. [4]
This robust finding has been supported by studies of many explicit memory tasks such as free recall, recognition, cued-recall, and frequency estimation (for reviews see Crowder 1976; Greene, 1989). Researchers have offered several possible explanations of the spacing effect, and much research has been conducted that supports its impact on recall.
This enhancement continues into adolescence with major developments in short term memory, working memory, long-term memory and autobiographical memory. [21] Research on the development of memory has indicated that declarative, or explicit memory, may exist in infants who are even younger than two years old.