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In meteorology, clear-air turbulence (CAT) is the turbulent movement of air masses in the absence of any visual clues, such as clouds, and is caused when bodies of air moving at widely different speeds meet.
Turbulence - Wikipedia
A variety of models exist for gusts [3] but only two, the Dryden and von Kármán models, are generally used for continuous gusts in flight dynamics applications. [2] [4] Both of these models define gusts in terms of power spectral densities for the linear and angular velocity components parameterized by turbulence length scales and intensities.
Aviation accidents and incidents caused by clear air turbulence (29 P) Aviation accidents and incidents caused by wake turbulence (5 P) T. Turbulence models (15 P)
Clear-air turbulence, a high-altitude aviation hazard Wake turbulence , forms behind an aircraft as it passes through the air Wave turbulence , a set of waves deviated far from thermal equilibrium
Wake turbulence can occasionally, under the right conditions, be heard by ground observers. [25] On a still day, the wake turbulence from heavy jets on landing approach can be heard as a dull roar or whistle. This is the strong core of the vortex. If the aircraft produces a weaker vortex, the breakup will sound like tearing a piece of paper.
Clear-air turbulence is the erratic movement of air masses in the absence of any visual cues. Clear Air Turbulence may also refer to: Clear Air Turbulence, an album by the Ian Gillan Band; Clear Air Turbulence, a fictional space ship in the science fiction novel Consider Phlebas
In aviation, the Richardson number is used as a rough measure of expected air turbulence. A lower value indicates a higher degree of turbulence. A lower value indicates a higher degree of turbulence. Values in the range 10 to 0.1 are typical [ citation needed ] , with values below unity indicating significant turbulence.