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The canon of the New Testament is the set of books many modern Christians regard as divinely inspired and constituting the New Testament of the Christian Bible.For most churches, the canon is an agreed-upon list of 27 books [1] that includes the canonical Gospels, Acts, letters attributed to various apostles, and Revelation.
The letters thought to be pseudepigraphic by many scholars (traditional dating given): [1] The content of these letters strongly suggests they were written a decade or more later than the traditional dates. First Timothy (c. 62–64) Second Timothy (c. 62–65) Titus (c. 66–67)
Mosaic authorship is the Judeo-Christian tradition that the Torah, the first five books of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, were dictated by God to Moses. [1] The tradition probably began with the legalistic code of the Book of Deuteronomy and was then gradually extended until Moses, as the central character, came to be regarded not just as the mediator of law but as author of both laws and ...
The first division of the Jewish Bible is the Torah, meaning ' Instruction ' or ' Law '. In scholarly literature, it is frequently called by its Greek name, the Pentateuch (' five scrolls '). It is the group of five books made up of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy and stands first in all versions of the Christian Old Testament.
Jewish tradition held that all five books were originally written by Moses in the 2nd millennium BCE, but since the 17th century modern scholars have rejected Mosaic authorship. [2] The precise process by which the Torah was composed, the number of authors involved, and the date of each author remain hotly contested. [ 3 ]
The New Testament canon as it is now was first listed by St. Athanasius, Bishop of Alexandria, in 367, in a letter written to his churches in Egypt, Festal Letter 39. Also cited is the Council of Rome, but not without controversy. That canon gained wider and wider recognition until it was accepted at the Third Council of Carthage in 397 and 419.
The Book of Genesis in a c. 1300 Hebrew Bible The Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsa a), one of the Dead Sea Scrolls, is the oldest complete copy of the Book of Isaiah. The Bible is not a single book; it is a collection of books whose complex development is not completely understood.
The Hebrew Bible (or Tanakh) consists of 24 books of the Masoretic Text recognized by Rabbinic Judaism. [14] There is no scholarly consensus as to when the Hebrew Bible canon was fixed, with some scholars arguing that it was fixed by the Hasmonean dynasty (140-40 BCE), [15] while others arguing that it was not fixed until the 2nd century CE or even later. [16]