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The volume of a spherical cap with a curved base can be calculated by considering two spheres with radii and , separated by some distance , and for which their surfaces intersect at =. That is, the curvature of the base comes from sphere 2.
If f(x, y, z) = 0 and g(x, y, z) = 0 are the equations of two distinct spheres then (,,) + (,,) = is also the equation of a sphere for arbitrary values of the parameters s and t. The set of all spheres satisfying this equation is called a pencil of spheres determined by the original two spheres. In this definition a sphere is allowed to be a ...
The -spheres admit several other topological descriptions: for example, they can be constructed by gluing two -dimensional spaces together, by identifying the boundary of an -cube with a point, or (inductively) by forming the suspension of an -sphere.
There are two possibilities: if =, the spheres coincide, and the intersection is the entire sphere; if , the spheres are disjoint and the intersection is empty. When a is nonzero, the intersection lies in a vertical plane with this x-coordinate, which may intersect both of the spheres, be tangent to both spheres, or external to both spheres.
In the extrinsic 3-dimensional picture, a great circle is the intersection of the sphere with any plane through the center. In the intrinsic approach, a great circle is a geodesic; a shortest path between any two of its points provided they are close enough. Or, in the (also intrinsic) axiomatic approach analogous to Euclid's axioms of plane ...
If the radius of the sphere is denoted by r and the height of the cap by h, the volume of the spherical sector is =. This may also be written as V = 2 π r 3 3 ( 1 − cos φ ) , {\displaystyle V={\frac {2\pi r^{3}}{3}}(1-\cos \varphi )\,,} where φ is half the cone aperture angle, i.e., φ is the angle between the rim of the cap and the ...
Viviani's curve as intersection of a sphere and a cylinder. In the case = +, the cylinder and sphere are tangential to each other at point (,,). The intersection resembles a figure eight: it is a closed curve which intersects itself. The above parametrization becomes
In geometry, the Dandelin spheres are one or two spheres that are tangent both to a plane and to a cone that intersects the plane. The intersection of the cone and the plane is a conic section, and the point at which either sphere touches the plane is a focus of the conic section, so the Dandelin spheres are also sometimes called focal spheres. [1]
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