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Structural model at atomic resolution of bacteriophage T4 [1] The structure of a typical myovirus bacteriophage Anatomy and infection cycle of bacteriophage T4.. A bacteriophage (/ b æ k ˈ t ɪər i oʊ f eɪ dʒ /), also known informally as a phage (/ ˈ f eɪ dʒ /), is a virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea.
d'Hérelle was a self-taught microbiologist. In 1917 he discovered that "an invisible antagonist", when added to bacteria on agar, would produce areas of dead bacteria. The antagonist, now known to be a bacteriophage, could pass through a Chamberland filter. He accurately diluted a suspension of these viruses and discovered that the highest ...
Comparative sequence analyses of bacteriophage WO [80] offer some of the most compelling examples of large-scale horizontal gene transfer between Wolbachia coinfections in the same host. [81] It is the first bacteriophage implicated in frequent lateral transfer between the genomes of bacterial endosymbionts. Gene transfer by bacteriophages ...
The first human virus to be identified was the yellow fever virus. [6] In 1881, Carlos Finlay (1833–1915), a Cuban physician, first conducted and published research that indicated that mosquitoes were carrying the cause of yellow fever, [ 7 ] a theory proved in 1900 by commission headed by Walter Reed (1851–1902).
Dating back to the 1940s and continuing today, T-even phages are considered the best studied model organisms. Model organisms are usually required to be simple with as few as five genes . Yet, T-even phages are in fact among the largest and highest complexity virus , in which these phage's genetic information is made up of around 300 genes .
What he discovered was that when, after UV irradiation, two or more "dead" phage entered the same bacterial cell, they often became alive again and produced normal live progeny. [9] This was the first example of reactivation of cells or organisms that had been damaged by radiation.
Phageome research in humans has largely focused on the gut, however it is also being investigated in other areas like the skin, [8] blood, [9] and mouth. [10] The composition of phages that make up a healthy human gut phageome is currently debated, since different methods of research can lead to different results. [ 11 ]
1944: The Avery–MacLeod–McCarty experiment isolates DNA as the genetic material (at that time called transforming principle). [24]1947: Salvador Luria discovers reactivation of irradiated phage, [25] stimulating numerous further studies of DNA repair processes in bacteriophage, [26] and other organisms, including humans.