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l 3 n −1 In chemistry and related fields, the molar volume , symbol V m , [ 1 ] or V ~ {\displaystyle {\tilde {V}}} of a substance is the ratio of the volume ( V ) occupied by a substance to the amount of substance ( n ), usually at a given temperature and pressure .
Until 1982, STP was defined as a temperature of 273.15 K (0 °C, 32 °F) and an absolute pressure of exactly 1 atm (101.325 kPa). Since 1982, STP has been defined as a temperature of 273.15 K (0 °C, 32 °F) and an absolute pressure of exactly 10 5 Pa (100 kPa, 1 bar).
Historically, the mole was defined as the amount of substance in 12 grams of the carbon-12 isotope.As a consequence, the mass of one mole of a chemical compound, in grams, is numerically equal (for all practical purposes) to the mass of one molecule or formula unit of the compound, in daltons, and the molar mass of an isotope in grams per mole is approximately equal to the mass number ...
The laws describing the behaviour of gases under fixed pressure, volume, amount of gas, and absolute temperature conditions are called gas laws.The basic gas laws were discovered by the end of the 18th century when scientists found out that relationships between pressure, volume and temperature of a sample of gas could be obtained which would hold to approximation for all gases.
For his work with gases a century prior, the physical constant that bears his name (the Avogadro constant) is the number of atoms per mole of elemental carbon-12 (6.022 × 10 23 mol −1). This specific number of gas particles, at standard temperature and pressure (ideal gas law) occupies 22.40 liters, which is referred to as the molar volume.
Volume percent is the concentration of a certain solute, measured by volume, in a solution.It has as a denominator the volume of the mixture itself, as usual for expressions of concentration, [2] rather than the total of all the individual components’ volumes prior to mixing:
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The Loschmidt constant or Loschmidt's number (symbol: n 0) is the number of particles (atoms or molecules) of an ideal gas per volume (the number density), and usually quoted at standard temperature and pressure. The 2018 CODATA recommended value [1] is 2.686 780 111... × 10 25 m −3 at 0 °C and 1 atm.