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The optical power budget (also fiber-optic link budget and loss budget) in a fiber-optic communication link is the allocation of available optical power (launched into a given fiber by a given source) among various loss-producing mechanisms such as launch coupling loss, fiber attenuation, splice losses, and connector losses, in order to ensure that adequate signal strength (optical power) is ...
A link budget is an accounting of all of the power gains and losses that a communication signal experiences in a telecommunication system; from a transmitter, through a communication medium such as radio waves, cable, waveguide, or optical fiber, to the receiver.
Since the attenuation is defined as proportional to the logarithm of the ratio between () and (), where is the power at point and respectively. Using the cutback technique, the power transmitted through a fiber of known length is measured and compared with the same measurement for the same fiber cut to a length of approximately.
Subscripts 1 and 2 refer to initial and final optical media respectively. These ratios are sometimes also used, following simply from other definitions of refractive index, wave phase velocity, and the luminal speed equation:
The optical power margin is usually expressed in decibels (dB). At least several dB of optical power margin should be included in the optical power budget . The amount of optical power launched into a given fiber by a given transmitter depends on the nature of its active optical source ( LED or laser diode ) and the type of fiber, including ...
Eye diagram showing an example of two power levels in an OOK modulation scheme, which can be used to calculate extinction ratio. P 1 and P 0 are represented by (binary 1) and (binary 0) respectively. In telecommunications, extinction ratio (r e) is the ratio of two optical power levels of a digital signal generated by an optical source, e.g., a ...
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The output of a PM fiber is typically characterized by its polarization extinction ratio (PER)—the ratio of correctly to incorrectly polarized light, expressed in decibels. The quality of PM patchcords and pigtails can be characterized with a PER meter. Good PM fibers have extinction ratios in excess of 20 dB.