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Concrete is a composite material composed of aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement that cures to a solid over time. Concrete is the second-most-used substance in the world after water, [1] and is the most widely used building material. [2] Its usage worldwide, ton for ton, is twice that of steel, wood, plastics, and aluminium combined. [3]
It was the founding city of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, which grew into a 6,000-mile (9,700 km) system across 13 states. Today, the city is known as the home of boxer Muhammad Ali , the Kentucky Derby , Kentucky Fried Chicken , the University of Louisville and its Cardinals , Louisville Slugger baseball bats, and Fortune 500 company ...
The destruction caused by the Great Chicago Fire led to the largest building boom in the history of the nation. In 1885, the first steel-framed high-rise building, the Home Insurance Building, rose in the city as Chicago ushered in the skyscraper era, [54] which would then be followed by many other cities around the world. [123]
Los Angeles, [a] often referred to by its initials L.A., is the most populous city in the U.S. state of California.With an estimated 3,820,914 residents within the city limits as of 2023, [8] it is the second-most populous city in the United States, behind only New York City; it is also the commercial, financial and cultural center of Southern California.
Though not a load-bearing material, [56] hempcrete is most commonly used as infill in building construction due to its light weight (roughly seven times lighter than common concrete) and vapor permeability. [57] The building material is made of hemp hurds (shiv or shives), hydraulic lime, and water mixed in varying ratios. [52]
Boston's public transportation agency, the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA), operates the oldest underground rapid transit system in the Americas and is the fourth-busiest rapid transit system in the country, [19] with 65.5 mi (105 km) of track on four lines. [327]
Its root system is generally shallow, so the plant is dependent on soil moisture. As a plant that uses C 4 carbon fixation, maize is a considerably more water-efficient crop than plants that use C 3 carbon fixation such as alfalfa and soybeans. Maize is most sensitive to drought at the time of silk emergence, when the flowers are ready for ...