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Considerations about reproducibility can be placed into two categories. Reproducibility in the narrow sense refers to re-examining and validating the analysis of a given set of data. Replication refers to repeating an existing experiment or study using new, independent data with the goal of verifying the original conclusions.
The Reproducibility Project is a series of crowdsourced collaborations aiming to reproduce published scientific studies, finding high rates of results which could not be replicated. It has resulted in two major initiatives focusing on the fields of psychology [ 1 ] and cancer biology. [ 2 ]
Reproducibility, closely related to replicability and repeatability, is a major principle underpinning the scientific method. For the findings of a study to be reproducible means that results obtained by an experiment or an observational study or in a statistical analysis of a data set should be achieved again with a high degree of reliability ...
In 2015, the Reproducibility Project: Psychology attempted to reproduced 100 studies from three top psychology journals (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, and Psychological Science): while nearly all paper had reproducible effects, it was found that only 36% of the ...
The Center for Open Science is a non-profit technology organization based in Charlottesville, Virginia with a mission to "increase the openness, integrity, and reproducibility of scientific research." [1] Brian Nosek and Jeffrey Spies founded the organization in January 2013, funded mainly by the Laura and John Arnold Foundation and others. [2]
The journal was formerly titled the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory.In 1980, the editor of Human Learning and Memory, Richard M. Shiffrin, announced that he intended to "broaden the scope of the journal to include a more general set of topics in human cognition", and that the journal would be renamed Learning, Memory, and Cognition. [4]
The safe upper limit is 2,000 milligrams a day, though the nutrient doesn’t cause serious problems even at high doses, the NIH notes. The body flushes out excess vitamin C in urine.
Guttman's original definition of the reproducibility coefficient, C R is simply 1 minus the ratio of the number of errors to the number of entries in the data set. And, to ensure that there is a range of responses (not the case if all respondents only endorsed one item) the coefficient of scalability is used.