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The notion of a differentiable manifold refines that of a manifold by requiring the functions that transform between charts to be differentiable. In mathematics, a differentiable manifold (also differential manifold) is a type of manifold that is locally similar enough to a vector space to allow one to apply calculus.
Let M be a smooth manifold. A smooth differential form of degree k is a smooth section of the k th exterior power of the cotangent bundle of M. The set of all differential k-forms on a manifold M is a vector space, often denoted (). The definition of a differential form may be restated as follows.
Calculus on Manifolds is a brief monograph on the theory of vector-valued functions of several real variables (f : R n →R m) and differentiable manifolds in Euclidean space. . In addition to extending the concepts of differentiation (including the inverse and implicit function theorems) and Riemann integration (including Fubini's theorem) to functions of several variables, the book treats ...
If M is an m-dimensional manifold and N is an n-dimensional manifold then for an immersion f : M → N in general position the set of k-tuple points is an (n − k(n − m))-dimensional manifold. Every embedding is an immersion without multiple points (where k > 1). Note, however, that the converse is false: there are injective immersions that ...
Differential geometry is a mathematical discipline that studies the geometry of smooth shapes and smooth spaces, otherwise known as smooth manifolds. It uses the techniques of single variable calculus , vector calculus , linear algebra and multilinear algebra .
In vector calculus and differential geometry the generalized Stokes theorem (sometimes with apostrophe as Stokes' theorem or Stokes's theorem), also called the Stokes–Cartan theorem, [1] is a statement about the integration of differential forms on manifolds, which both simplifies and generalizes several theorems from vector calculus.
For compact manifolds, results depend on the complexity of the manifold as measured by the second Betti number b 2. For large Betti numbers b 2 > 18 in a simply connected 4-manifold, one can use a surgery along a knot or link to produce a new differential structure. With the help of this procedure one can produce countably infinite many ...
Because the exterior derivative d has the property that d 2 = 0, it can be used as the differential (coboundary) to define de Rham cohomology on a manifold. The k -th de Rham cohomology (group) is the vector space of closed k -forms modulo the exact k -forms; as noted in the previous section, the Poincaré lemma states that these vector spaces ...