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The effect of non-depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking drugs may be reversed with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, neostigmine, and edrophonium, as commonly used examples. Of these, edrophonium has a faster onset of action than neostigmine, but it is unreliable when used to antagonize deep neuromuscular block. [ 29 ]
A muscle relaxant is a drug that affects skeletal muscle function and decreases the muscle tone. It may be used to alleviate symptoms such as muscle spasms, pain, and hyperreflexia. The term "muscle relaxant" is used to refer to two major therapeutic groups: neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics.
Depolarizing neuromuscular blockers: Depolarizing agents act as agonists for acetylcholine receptors. Succinylcholine is currently the only depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug that has been placed in ongoing clinical use. Its pharmacological structure resembles two acetylcholine molecules combined through acetate methyl groups. [11]
Mivacurium chloride (formerly recognized as BW1090U81, BW B1090U or BW1090U) is a short-duration non-depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking drug [1] or skeletal muscle relaxant in the category of non-depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking drugs, [2] used adjunctively in anesthesia to facilitate endotracheal intubation [3] and to provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ...
The nicotinic antagonist hexamethonium, for example, does this by blocking the transmission of outgoing signals across the autonomic ganglia at the postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Because ganglionic blockers block both the parasympathetic nervous system and sympathetic nervous system , the effect of these drugs depends upon the ...
Gallamine triethiodide was commonly used to prevent muscle contractions during surgical procedures, but is now superseded by new neuromuscular blocking drugs with less side effects. It was developed by Daniel Bovet in 1947. [5] The drug is no longer marketed in the United States, according to the FDA Orange Book.
Atracurium is in the neuromuscular-blocker family of medications and is of the non-depolarizing type. [1] It works by blocking the action of acetylcholine on skeletal muscles. [1] Atracurium was approved for medical use in the United States in 1983. [1] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [3]
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